Preheat the oven to 350°F. Lightly grease a 9" x 13" pan.
To make the bars: Whisk together the flour, baking powder, spice(s), and salt until well blended. Set aside.
Melt the butter in a saucepan set over medium heat. Add the brown sugar and heat, stirring constantly, until the mixture comes together and forms a fairly smooth, shiny paste, about 3 to 5 minutes. If you have a digital thermometer, the temperature will reach about 200°F; but no worries if you don't have a thermometer, it's not critical.
Transfer the hot mixture to a medium bowl and allow it to cool for 5 minutes, stirring occasionally. Again, if you have a thermometer, the temperature of the cooled mixture should be no higher than about 160°F; you're going to add eggs next, and you don't want them to cook.
Mix in the eggs and vanilla. Add the flour mixture and stir until well combined; the batter will be stiff. Spread the batter evenly into the prepared pan.
Bake the bars for 17 to 21 minutes (for chewy bars) or 23 to 27 minutes (for cakier bars), until a toothpick inserted in the center comes out with a few moist crumbs clinging to it; the top crust will have risen and fallen.
Remove the bars from the oven and allow them to cool for 15 minutes.
To make the topping: Mix together the sugar and spice(s) in a small bowl.
Gently brush the melted butter evenly over the surface of the warm bars, then sprinkle on the spiced sugar, shaking and tilting the pan to distribute the sugar evenly.
Allow the bars to cool completely, then cut them into squares.